CDISC-Gloss – Any assessment that may be influenced by human choices, judgment, or motivation and may support or refute treatment benefit. NOTE: Unlike biomarkers that rely completely on an automated process or algorithm, COAs reflect interpretation of reporting from a patient, a clinician, or an observer. There are four types of COAs. See also patient- reported outcome (PRO), clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO), observer-reported outcome (ObsRO), and performance outcome (PerfO). [FDA Clinical Outcome Assessment (COA) Glossary]